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| Virgin Galactic glides closer to $200,000-a-seat space shots Virgin Galactic gave its spacecraft a first test flight Sunday. It glided to a perfect landing from an elevation of 45,000 feet. Virgin Galactic hopes to start flights for tourists within 18 months. ************************NEXT Article************************************ |
Nanotube yarn sweater? Made in China to stop speeding bullets
Scientists in China have developed a strong, highly conductive carbon yarn that could be used to make spacesuits, bullet-proof vests, and radiation suits.
Tiny carbon nanotube fibers can conduct electricity, and be 100 times stronger than steel at one-sixth the weight.
By Charles Q. Choi,
Super-strong, highly conductive yarns made from extraordinarily thin carbon tubes could one day find use in spacesuits, bulletproof vests and radiation suits, researchers now suggest.
Carbon nanotubes are hollow pipes just nanometers or billionths of a meter in diameter — dozens to hundreds of times thinner than a wavelength of visible light. They can possess a range of extraordinary physical and electrical properties, such as being roughly 100 times stronger than steel at one-sixth the weight.
Scientists have feverishly explored ways to make textiles from carbon nanotubes for years. However, yarns made from these nanotubes lacked the attractive properties seen in lone fibers. The problem is rooted in how the nanotubes are typically about 200 to 400 millimeters long.
When these get woven together into a yarn, the connections between the nanotubes act as gaps that weaken the yarn's overall conductivity, and these connections are not as strong as the tubes themselves, explained researcher Kai Liu at the Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center in Beijing.
Simultaneously enhancing both the strength and conductivity of yarns made from these nanotubes has proven difficult. Additives that increased the strength of these yarns often inadvertently left behind poorly conductive residues that reduced the overall conductivity of the yarn. On the other hand, treatments with super-acids that boosted the conductivity of these yarns by adding oxygen-containing molecules also weakened the yarns by introducing physical defects.
Now scientists in China reveal they have made composite yarns from carbon nanotubes and plastic that are both very strong and electrically conductive.
The researchers first wove pure carbon nanotube yarns as free of physical defects as possible, to ensure it had good electrical conductivity. They next impregnated a strengthening plastic into the empty spaces inside this yarn, using a solvent that did not leave any leftovers behind that would detract from the yarn's electrical properties.
The strength of these new yarns — up to about five times stronger than steel — combined with their flexibility makes them attractive for protective fabrics such as bulletproof vests. At the same time, the fact they are so electrically conductive means they could be easily heated, making them valuable for use in super-cold environments such as outer space. In addition, since carbon nanotubes can absorb a wide range of electromagnetic waves, "this kind of woven fabric is also expected to be used in radiation protection suits," Liu told TechNewsDaily.
Future yarns could have more potential applications, "especially in biology and medicine," Liu added.
The scientists detailed their findings online September 10 in the journal ACS Nano.
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Quantum entanglement could lead to superfast computersQuantum entanglement – a bizarre instantaneous link between particles – has been proven to occur.
By Clara Moskowitz,
Physicists have long been puzzled over a mystical link between particles called entanglement – and now they've established this bizarre connection in a new experiment.
When two or more particles are entangled, they retain a connection even if separated across an entire galaxy. If an action is performed on one particle, its linked partner will also respond.
Amazingly, entanglement has actually been proven to occur, though lab tests haven't established it out to anything like galactic distances, yet. (When Albert Einstein's calculations suggested the theoretical possibility of entanglement, he was so alarmed he dubbed it "spooky action at a distance.")
In a recent study, a research team entangled four particles together under disturbing conditions to see whether they would keep that connection or break loose.
Probing entanglement like this will not just provide scientists with more information about the freaky ways our world works, but also help them understand behavior of entangled particles as ingredients for superfast quantum computers.
In the new study, researchers entangled four calcium ions (atoms with one missing electron, leaving them positively charged). They did this by exposing the ions to specially calibrated laser light while the ions were moving in a particular pattern. The light imparts a small blast of energy to the ions, causing their electrons to jump from one energy level to the next, leaving all the atoms in a matching entangled state.
Then the entangled particles were exposed to a "noisy" environment, where laser light was present that could potentially disturb their connections.
"We found that as you introduce noise there is a point where you can still have entanglement, but noise interferes with the useful properties of entanglement," said lead author Julio Barreiro of the Institute of Experimental Physics of the University of Innsbruck in Austria. "The environment causes these correlations to decay."
This is useful knowledge for designing quantum computers, he said, because such laser noise would likely be present.
"This is relevant because for many calculations that rely on entanglement, they rely on it being robust against noise," Barreiro told LiveScience. "But there are other approaches that will avoid these problems. There are other ways of programming a quantum computer that make it resistant to sources of noise."
Given recent advances in entanglement science, Barreiro said it may be as little as 10 or 20 years before scientists can create a functional quantum computer able to process many times more information at significantly faster speeds than normal computers.
"Right now for example we are building one that will factorize 15 – 3 times 5," he said. "That's how basic we are. But of course if you prove you can do this in a scalable system, then it can be extended to bigger numbers."
The researchers reported their findings online in the journal Nature Physics.
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SHORTCUTS FOR WINDOWS USERS
Hi friends these shortcuts are basically useful for Windows Vista and 7 or upper versions.
Windows Management Shortcuts
* Win+Home: Clear all but the active window.
* Win+Space: All windows become transparent so you can see through to the desktop.
* Win+Up arrow: Maximize the active window.
* Shift+Win+Up arrow: Maximize the active window vertically.
* Win+Down arrow: Minimize the window/Restore the window if it’s maximized.
* Win+Left/Right arrows: Dock the window to each side of the monitor.
* Shift+Win+Left/Right arrows: Move the window to the monitor on the left or right.
You can also interact with windows by dragging them with the mouse:
* Drag window to the top: Maximize
* Drag window left/right: Dock the window to fill half of the screen.
* Shake window back/forth: Minimize everything but the current window.
* Double-Click Top Window Border (edge).
Taskbar Shortcuts
You can use any of these shortcut combinations to launch the applications in their respective position on the taskbar, or more:
* Win+number (1-9): Starts the application pinned to the taskbar in that position, or switches to that program.
* Shift+Win+number (1-9): Starts a new instance of the application pinned to the taskbar in that position.
* Ctrl+Win+number (1-9): Cycles through open windows for the application pinned to the taskbar is that position.
* Alt+Win+number (1-9): Opens the Jump List for the application pinned to the taskbar.
* Win+T: Focus and scroll through items on the taskbar.
* Win+B: Focuses the System Tray icons
In addition, you can interact with the taskbar using your mouse and a modifier key:
* Shift+Click on a taskbar button: Open a program or quickly open another instance of a program.
* Ctrl+Shift+Click on a taskbar button: Open a program as an administrator.
* Shift+Right-click on a taskbar button: Show the window menu for the program (like XP does).
* Shift+Right-click on a grouped taskbar button: Show the window menu for the group.
* Ctrl+Click on a grouped taskbar button: Cycle through the windows of the group.
Here’s a few more interesting hotkeys for you:
* Ctrl+Shift+N: Creates a new folder in Windows Explorer.
* Alt+Up: Goes up a folder level in Windows Explorer.
* Alt+P: Toggles the preview pane in Windows Explorer.
* Shift+Right-Click on a file: Adds Copy as Path, which copies the path of a file to the clipboard.
* Shift+Right-Click on a file: Adds extra hidden items to the Send To menu.
* Shift+Right-Click on a folder: Adds Command Prompt Here, which lets you easily open a command prompt in that folder.
* Win+P: Adjust presentation settings for your display.
* Win+(+/-): Zoom in/out.
* Win+G: Cycle between the Windows Gadgets on your screen.
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